We are studying the cell biology of axonal regeneration, neuronal polarization, and neurodegeneration. For these studies, we have developed a unique model system in which proteins, enzymes and metabolic inhibitors are microinjeted into giant identified neurons in the brain of the sea lamprey, a primitive vertebrate. This model system allows detailed analyses of neuronal pathways previously inaccessible due to the complexity of the human brain. Ultimately, what we learn from this model system will help in elucidating the cellular mechanisms responsible for the development of neurodegenerative conditions in humans.